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The imperative – Grammar chart

Form

The form of the verb used for the imperative is the base form of the verb (=the infinitive without to). There is no subject.
The negative imperative is made with do not or don’t + infinitive (no subject).

Use

You can use the imperative to:

Give instructions

• Open the package carefully.
• Connect the cable to the plug.

Give orders

• Fasten your seatbelt.
• Stop talking!
• Run!

Offer something or invite someone to something

• Have some cookies.
• Come and sit with us.

Give advice

• Get some sleep.
• Tell her how you feel.
• Go and have fun.

Give warnings

• Don’t touch that cable.
• Please, Stop the car!

Let’s

Make suggestions

You can use the form let’s + verb or let’s not + verb to make suggestions.

(+) It’s very hot today. Let’s go to the swimming pool.
(-) Let’s not go out today. I’m very tired.

First conditional – Grammar Chart

If clause and main clause

All conditional sentences have two parts: the if clause and the main clause. It doesn’t matter which clause comes first, but when the if clause comes first, we should put a comma after it.

• If it rains, we’ll stay home
• We’ll stay home if it rains.

If + present, future

In the first conditional, the verb in the if clause is present, and the verb in the main clause is future.

• If you don’t go to sleep, you’ll be very tired tomorrow.

The if clause may have a present or a future meaning, but the verb is always in the present (NOT future)

• If you will be a good boy tomorrow, mummy will buy you a present. 
• If you are a good boy tomorrow, mummy will buy you a present. 

Main clause: will, modal verb, imperative

In the main clause, we can also use may, might, can, must, should instead of will.

• If he doesn’t train harder, he may/might lose the championship.
• If your room is tidy, you can leave.
• If you want to lose weight, you must/should eat less sugary things.

We can also use an imperative instead of will.

• If you arrive after midnight, ring me on my mobile.

Can, can’t – Grammar chart

Can, can’t – Form

Infinitive without to

We use can + infinitive without to.

• I can swim. 
• I can to swim. 
• We can’t come. 
• We can’t to come. 

Don’t use -s after he/she/it

We don’t add -s after he/she/it. We use can for all persons.

• He can swim. 
• He cans swim. 

Don’t use do/don’t

Can is an auxiliary verb and has a negative and interrogative form. We don’t use do/don’t to make questions and negatives.

• Can you swim? 
• Do you can swim? 
• He can’t swim. 
• He don’t can swim. 

Can, can’t – Use

Ability

We use can/can’t to talk about ability in the present (=things that we know how to do).

• Laura can sing very well. 
• I can’t speak German. 

Possibility

We use can/can’t to ask for permission or to say if something is possible or not.

• Can I sit here?
• You can’t vote if you aren’t 18 years old. 
• I’m sorry, but I can’t come to the party. 

Ask for something

We use can/can’t to ask for something and to order in bars, restaurants, shops, etc.

• Can you lend me some money?
• Can I have some water, please?
• Can I have a burger and a soda?