Μάθημα : ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Β' ΓΥΜΝΑΣΙΟΥ
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UNIT 1 I'm only human
Pollution and the environment
Threats to the environment
Helping the environment
Verb phrases and phrasal verbs
-ed/-ing adjectives
A lot of adjectives are made from verbs by adding -ing or -ed. They are called participial adjectives they take the forms of the present (-ing) and past participle (-ed) of the verb.
-ed adjectives
-ed adjectives are used to describe how we feel. Look at the following examples:
- We’re tired. Can we stop running?
- I’m bored. Let’s play cards.
- I was surprised to see her.
-ing adjectives
-ing adjectives are used to talk about the things that produce these feelings. Check the examples below:
- Running is very tiring. We don’t want to run.
- This film is very boring. Let’s play cards.
- Her visit was very surprising. We weren’t expecting her.
Present simple form
In present simple verbs, we need to use the verb do/does in questions and don’t/doesn’t in negatives.
Spelling of he/she/it
The form is the same for all the other persons except he/she/it. The spelling for he/she/it is different.
Present simple use
Habits or actions that happen regularly
We use present simple for habits or actions that we repeat regularly:
- I wash my hair every day.
- I never go to the library.
- I go to the library on Saturdays.
Permanent situations or things that are always or often true
- I don’t drink coffee.
- She’s very tall.
- I have two brothers.
- Water boils at 100 degrees.
- I like soup.
Present continuous – Form
We form the present continuous with am/is/are + the -ing form of the verb.
- I am writing a book.
- She is listening to the radio.
- They are doing their homework.
The short forms of am/is/are are: ‘m/’s/’re.
- I‘m writing a book.
- She‘s listening to the radio.
- They‘re doing their homework.
The negative short forms of am not/is not/are not are: ‘m not/isn’t/aren’t.
- I‘m not writing a book.
- She isn’t listening to the radio.
- They aren’t doing their homework.
Note that we can use short forms only in negative short answers, but not in positive short answers.
- ‘Are you writing a book?’ ‘No, I’m not/I am not.’
- ‘Are you writing a book?’ ‘Yes, I am.’
- ‘Are you writing a book?’ ‘Yes, I’m.’
Actions happening now
We use the present continuous for things happening now, at the moment of speaking.
- ‘What are you doing?’ ‘I‘m watching TV.’
Actions happening around now
We use the present continuous for temporary things that are happening around now (=not at the moment of speaking but these days, or weeks, etc.)
- I‘m reading a very good book at the moment. (=I’m not reading it at the moment I’m speaking, but I’m reading it these days.)
Now, these days, at the moment, etc.
We use the present continuous with time expressions that mean ‘now’ or ‘around now’: now, at the moment, at present, today, these days, this week, etc.
Writing about my daily routine
Make a list of daily activities
First, you need to think about your daily activities. You can make a list of everyday activities: wake up/get up, brush my teeth, have/eat breakfast (or have something FOR breakfast), have a shower, get dressed, go to work/shool, get to work/school, check my emails, check my social media, work ON my computer, have lessons, have/eat lunch, finish work, go home, get home, walk my dog, do my homework, surf the internet, go running, go to the gym, have/eat dinner, read, watch TV, go to bed.
Note that we say go/get home (NOT go/get to home), and we say go/get to school, go/get to work and go to bed (NOT go to the school/work/bed)
You can learn the different ways to use the verb go here.
Write present simple sentences
When we talk about routines or habits, we use the present simple. So we can write present simple sentences using the verbs in our list of activities: I have a shower. I brush my teeth. I have coffee and toast for breakfast. Etc.
Use adverbs of frequency
If we use some adverbs of frequency in our sentences, our text will be better. For example, I usually have coffee and toast for breakfast, but sometimes I don’t have breakfast.
Use connectors and time expressions
Connectors
Now we should add connectors in our text, such as and, or, but, because, so.
For example, imagine we have these two sentences: I get up at 7.30. I brush my teeth. They sound like a list. So we can use and to put the two sentences together: I get up at 7:30 and I brush my teeth.
Time expressions
In addition, you should use time words to connect the different sentences. Some time words are:
- After that, …
- After breakfast/work/school/dinner
- In the morning/afternoon/evening, …
- At (time), …
- Then, …
- Next, …
- … and then …
- When I …
- … from (time) to (time)
Look at this text:
I get up at 7:30 and I brush my teeth. I have a shower and get dressed. I have breakfast and prepare my lunch. I drive to work.
Now look at the same text with time expressions:
I get up at 7:00 and I brush my teeth. After that, I have a shower and get dressed. Then, I have breakfast and I prepare my lunch. Next, I drive to work.
The second paragraph sounds much better.
Write three paragraphs
We can organise the sentences into three paragraphs:
- Paragraph 1: My morning activities
- Paragraph 2: Activities during the day
- Paragraph 3: Evening activities
Example:
I get up at 7:00 and I brush my teeth. After that, I have a shower and get dressed. Then, I have breakfast and I prepare my lunch. Next, I drive to work.
When I get to work at 8:30, I usually check my emails and work on the computer. At 1:00, I have lunch with my co-workers. After that, we work until 5:30 and then I go home. I get home at around 6.
After work, I usually go running or I read. Then I make my lunch. I usually have a salad and some fruit, but on Fridays, I often eat pizza. Next, I watch some TV and I go to bed.