Μάθημα : ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ Α' ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ
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UNIT 2 A refugee's dreamland
Objectives
- To be informed about the integration of refugees
- To evaluate and reflect on issues about social inclusion
- To get involved in the process of the integration of refugees as active citizens
- To create action plans towards the integration of refugees
- To present these plans and argue for their advantages
-Watch the video below and describe the scenes you see
-Watch the video below and discuss your first impressions of it.
-Read the text on pages 15-18. You can use the following template to note down unknown vocabulary.
-Complete exercises 1-8 on pages 19-20.
-For further practice do the exercises on the texts found in the file below.
Present simple vs present continuous – Form
Present simple – short forms
We normally use short forms in spoken English.
- do not = don’t
- does not = doesn’t
Present continuous – short forms
We normally use short forms in spoken English.
- am not = ‘m not
- is not = isn’t/’s not
- are not = aren’t/’re not
Present simple vs present continuous – Use
Present simple use
Habits or situations that happen regularly
We use the present simple to talk about actions that we do (o we don’t do) regularly:
- I wash my hair every day.
- I never go to the library.
- I sometimes go to the library.
Permanent situations or things that are usually or often true
- I don’t drink coffee.
- She’s very tall.
- I have two brothers.
- Water boils at 100 degrees.
- I like soup.
Adverbs of frequency
We often use the present simple with adverbs of frequency (always, sometimes, etc.) and expressions of frequency (once every three months, twice a week, every other day, etc.).
Adverbs of frequency go in mid position (before the main verb or after be).
- She doesn’t often eat hamburgers.
- He usually gets up very early.
- I am never late.
Expressions of frequency go at the end of the sentence
- We go to the cinema once a month.
- I buy clothes twice a year.
Future events that are timetabled
We use the present simple to talk about future events that are scheduled or timetabled.
- The train leaves at 4.
- Shops close at 6.
- My yoga class is tomorrow at 10.
Present continuous use
Actions in progress
We use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening now or ‘around now’ (a time around this moment, such as these days, weeks or months)
- I can’t talk now. I’m brushing my teeth.
- I finished the Lord of the Rings and now I’m reading a new book.
Temporary actions
The present continuous is used to talk about temporary actions:
- I’m going to work by bus this week because my car is at the garage.
- I’m living with my cousins until I find a flat.
With expressions meaning ‘now’ or ‘around now’.
The present continuous often appears next to expressions such as now, these days, this week/month, or at the moment.
- He’s studying a lot this week.
- I’m not feeling very well these days.
Situations that are changing or developing
- The climate is changing very quickly.
- More and more people are trying to eat more healthily nowadays.
- Your English is improving.
Future arrangements
We use the present continuous to talk or ask about future actions that are already planned or decided.
- I‘m meeting John this evening. Do you want to come?
- We are leaving tomorrow at 7.
Stative verbs
Non-action verbs (or stative verbs) cannot be used in present continuous. They must be used in present simple. The most frequent are the verbs of the senses (hear, see, smell, look, seem, sound), verbs of opinion (believe, consider, like, love, hate, prefer, think, etc.) verbs of possession (have, own, belong, etc.). Other common non-action verbs are: agree, be, depend, need, mean, remember, realise, recognise, seem, want, etc.
- Please, give me my money; I need it now.
- Look at her; she seems sad.
Some verbs have an action and a non-action meaning; for example, have or think:
- I have a car (=possession) / I’m having a siesta (=action)
- I think he is great (=opinion) / What are you thinking? (=action)
The verb see also has a dynamic and a stative meaning.
- I‘m seeing the doctor tomorrow at 9. (see= ‘have an appointment’)
- What do you see in this picture? (see= ‘see with your eyes’)
Present perfect simple – Use
Grammar chart
We use the present perfect simple with past finished actions or experiences when we don’t mention, or we don’t know when they happened. We also use the present perfect simple to ask or talk about situations that started in the past and have not finished.
Present perfect continuous – Form
We form the present perfect continuous with the present perfect simple of be + the -ing form of the main verb.
Present perfect continuous – Use
Grammar chart
Actions from the past till now – duration
We use the present perfect continuous with action verbs (dynamic verbs) to talk about situations that started in the past and have not finished or have just finished.
- Have you been crying?
- Sorry I am so dirty, but I‘ve been painting.
There is often a present result from doing these actions.
- You‘ve been crying. (Your eyes are red.)
- I am dirty because I‘ve been painting.
We can use the present perfect continuous to talk about continuous or repeated actions or situations from the past till now.
- She‘s been calling you for days. (=She has repeated this action for several days.)
- I‘ve been studying since you left. (=I have done this action continuously without stopping.)
For, since, how long, lately, all day/week/month/etc.
We can use for, since, how long, lately, all day/week/month/etc. to ask or say how long a situation has been happening.
- I haven’t been feeling well lately.
- He’s been annoying us all evening.
- She’s been studying very hard for weeks.
- How long have you been playing golf?
Present perfect simple or continuous?
Situations that started in the past and still continue
We can use the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous to talk about situations that started in the past and still continue. But we must use the present perfect simple with non-action verbs (stative verbs), and we normally use the present perfect continuous with dynamic verbs (although the present perfect simple is also possible.)
- We‘ve had this car for years.
- I haven’t been sleeping well lately.
We use the present perfect continuous (and NOT simple) with dynamic verbs for situations that started in the past and still continue when we want to emphasise how long the situation has lasted.
- I have been waiting for hours! (=I want to emphasise that I’ve been waiting for a long time).
- I couldn’t do the dishes. I’ve been working all day.
Finished and unfinished situations
We use the present perfect simple for finished actions in the past when we don’t say when. We use the present perfect continuous for actions or situations that maybe have not finished or that maybe have finished (very recently)
- Who has eaten my cookies? (=We would say this if there were no cookies left. The action is finished.
- Who has been eating my cookies? (=We would say this if there are some cookies left)
- I‘ve been watching the series you recommended. I’ll tell you about it when I finish watching it.
- I‘ve watched the series you recommended. I watched the last episode yesterday.
Actions with present results
We can use present perfect simple and present perfect continuous for actions with present results. We use the present perfect simple if the present results come from completing the action.
- Look how nice my car looks. I‘ve washed it. (=The car looks nice because I have finished washing it.)
- Something is different in this house. Have you painted it? (=The house looks different because you have completed the action of painting it.)
We use the present perfect continuous if the present results come from the process of doing the action.
- Sorry, I’m so sweaty. I‘ve been washing my car. (=I am sweaty because of the physical activity that washing the car involves.)
- How come you are so dirty? Have you been painting? (=You are dirty because of the process of painting.)
How long vs how many/much
We use the present perfect continuous to talk about the duration of an action, i.e. about how long we have been doing something. And we use the present perfect simple to talk about how many things or how much of something we have done.
- I’ve written twenty emails. (I’m talking about how many emails I’ve written.)
- I’ve been writing emails for hours. (=I’m talking about how long I have spent writing emails)
PROJECT
Present an action plan about how you can help a group of refugges be integrated in your town. Refer to the number of people that can be successfully integrated, the kind of entrepreneurship that can be developed, the ways your school can help, the potentioan benefits for local community etc.
-To make your presentation, you can use the templates in the following link.
https://www.canva.com/design/DAGRkE3tQSw/kA8_BCgXT50ByewRWei9_w/edit